Remember, or publish. He praises God and the great men of his nation, to the end of the book, (Calmet) or to chap. l. 29. (Haydock) --- By. Literally, "in." (Haydock) --- I have only abridged what the sacred Scriptures relate.
Saint Augustine of Canterbury, Bishop
First Reading — Sirach 42:15-25
15I will now remember the works of the Lord, and I will declare the things I have seen. By the words of the Lord are his works.16The sun giving light hath looked upon all things, and full of the glory of the Lord is his work.17Hath not the Lord made the saints to declare all his wonderful works, which the Lord Almighty hath firmly settled to be established for his glory?18He hath searched out the deep, and the heart of men: and considered their crafty devices.19For the Lord knoweth all knowledge, and hath beheld the signs of the world, he declareth the things that are past, and the things that are to come, and revealeth the traces of hidden things.20No thought escapeth him, and no word can hide itself from him.21He hath beautified the glorious works of his wisdom: and he is from eternity to eternity, and to him nothing may be added,22Nor can he be diminished, and he hath no need of any counsellor.23O how desirable are all his works, and what we can know is but as a spark!24All these things live, and remain for ever, and for every use all things obey him.25All things are double, one against another, and he hath made nothing defective.
15And now, I will remember the works of the Lord, and I will announce what I have seen. The words of the Lord are in his works.16The sun illuminates and considers all things, and its work shows the fullness of the glory of the Lord.17Has not the Lord caused the holy ones to describe all his miracles, which the all-powerful Lord has firmly established in his glory?18He has examined the abyss and the hearts of men. And he has considered their astuteness.19For the Lord comprehends all knowledge, and he has gazed upon the signs of the times: announcing the things of the past, as well as the things of the future, and revealing the traces of hidden things.20No thought passes by him unnoticed, and no word can conceal itself from him.21He has adorned the magnificent works of his wisdom. He is before eternity and even unto eternity. And nothing can be added,22and nothing can be taken away. And he has no need of any counselor.23O how desirable are all his works! And all that we consider is but a spark.24All these works exist, and they remain in the present age, and they all obey him in every purpose.25All things are two-fold, one facing another, and he has not made anything to be lacking.
15I will now remember the works of the Lord, and declare the things that I have seen: In the words of the Lord are his works.16The sun that giveth light looketh upon all things, and the work thereof is full of the glory of the Lord.17The Lord hath not given power to the saints to declare all his marvellous works, which the Almighty Lord firmly settled, that whatsoever is might be established for his glory.18He seeketh out the deep, and the heart, and considereth their crafty devices: for the Lord knoweth all that may be known, and he beholdeth the signs of the world.19He declareth the things that are past, and for to come, and revealeth the steps of hidden things.20No thought escapeth him, neither any word is hidden from him.21He hath garnished the excellent works of his wisdom, and he is from everlasting to everlasting: unto him may nothing be added, neither can he be diminished, and he hath no need of any counsellor.22Oh how desirable are all his works! and that a man may see even to a spark.23All these things live and remain for ever for all uses, and they are all obedient.24All things are double one against another: and he hath made nothing imperfect.25One thing establisheth the good or another: and who shall be filled with beholding his glory?
15I will now remember the works of the Lord, and I will declare the things I have seen. By the words of the Lord are his works.16The sun giving light hath looked upon all things, and full of the glory of the Lord is his work.17Hath not the Lord made the saints to declare all his wonderful works, which the Lord Almighty hath firmly settled to be established for his glory?18He hath searched out the deep, and the heart of men: and considered their crafty devices.19For the Lord knoweth all knowledge, and hath beheld the signs of the world, he declareth the things that are past, and the things that are to come, and revealeth the traces of hidden things.20No thought escapeth him, and no word can hide itself from him.21He hath beautified the glorious works of his wisdom: and he is from eternity to eternity, and to him nothing may be added,22Nor can he be diminished, and he hath no need of any counsellor.23O how desirable are all his works, and what we can know is but as a spark!24All these things live, and remain for ever, and for every use all things obey him.25All things are double, one against another, and he hath made nothing defective.
15And now, I will remember the works of the Lord, and I will announce what I have seen. The words of the Lord are in his works.16The sun illuminates and considers all things, and its work shows the fullness of the glory of the Lord.17Has not the Lord caused the holy ones to describe all his miracles, which the all-powerful Lord has firmly established in his glory?18He has examined the abyss and the hearts of men. And he has considered their astuteness.19For the Lord comprehends all knowledge, and he has gazed upon the signs of the times: announcing the things of the past, as well as the things of the future, and revealing the traces of hidden things.20No thought passes by him unnoticed, and no word can conceal itself from him.21He has adorned the magnificent works of his wisdom. He is before eternity and even unto eternity. And nothing can be added,22and nothing can be taken away. And he has no need of any counselor.23O how desirable are all his works! And all that we consider is but a spark.24All these works exist, and they remain in the present age, and they all obey him in every purpose.25All things are two-fold, one facing another, and he has not made anything to be lacking.
15I will now remember the works of the Lord, and declare the things that I have seen: In the words of the Lord are his works.16The sun that giveth light looketh upon all things, and the work thereof is full of the glory of the Lord.17The Lord hath not given power to the saints to declare all his marvellous works, which the Almighty Lord firmly settled, that whatsoever is might be established for his glory.18He seeketh out the deep, and the heart, and considereth their crafty devices: for the Lord knoweth all that may be known, and he beholdeth the signs of the world.19He declareth the things that are past, and for to come, and revealeth the steps of hidden things.20No thought escapeth him, neither any word is hidden from him.21He hath garnished the excellent works of his wisdom, and he is from everlasting to everlasting: unto him may nothing be added, neither can he be diminished, and he hath no need of any counsellor.22Oh how desirable are all his works! and that a man may see even to a spark.23All these things live and remain for ever for all uses, and they are all obedient.24All things are double one against another: and he hath made nothing imperfect.25One thing establisheth the good or another: and who shall be filled with beholding his glory?
Responsorial Psalm — Psalm 33:2-3, 4-5, 6-7, 8-9
2Give praise to the Lord on the harp; sing to him with the psaltery, the instrument of ten strings.3Sing to him a new canticle, sing well unto him with a loud noise.4For the word of the Lord is right, and all his works are done with faithfulness.5He loveth mercy and judgment; the earth is full of the mercy of the Lord.6By the word of the Lord the heavens were established; and all the power of them by the spirit of his mouth:7Gathering together the waters of the sea, as in a vessel; laying up the depths in storehouses.8Let all the earth fear the Lord, and let all the inhabitants of the world be in awe of him.9For he spoke and they were made: he commanded and they were created.
2Confess to the Lord with stringed instruments; sing psalms to him with the psaltery, the instrument of ten strings.3Sing to him a new song. Sing psalms to him skillfully, with loud exclamation.4For the word of the Lord is upright, and all his works are in faith.5He loves mercy and judgment. The earth is full of the mercy of the Lord.6By the word of the Lord, the heavens were established, and all their power, by the Spirit of his mouth:7gathering together the waters of the sea, as if in a container, placing the depths in storage.8Let all the earth fear the Lord, and may all the inhabitants of the world quake before him.9For he spoke, and they became. He commanded, and they were created.
2Praise the Lord with harp: sing unto him with the psaltery and an instrument of ten strings.3Sing unto him a new song; play skilfully with a loud noise.4For the word of the Lord is right; and all his works are done in truth.5He loveth righteousness and judgment: the earth is full of the goodness of the Lord.6By the word of the Lord were the heavens made; and all the host of them by the breath of his mouth.7He gathereth the waters of the sea together as an heap: he layeth up the depth in storehouses.8Let all the earth fear the Lord: let all the inhabitants of the world stand in awe of him.9For he spake, and it was done; he commanded, and it stood fast.
2Give praise to the Lord on the harp; sing to him with the psaltery, the instrument of ten strings.3Sing to him a new canticle, sing well unto him with a loud noise.4For the word of the Lord is right, and all his works are done with faithfulness.5He loveth mercy and judgment; the earth is full of the mercy of the Lord.6By the word of the Lord the heavens were established; and all the power of them by the spirit of his mouth:7Gathering together the waters of the sea, as in a vessel; laying up the depths in storehouses.8Let all the earth fear the Lord, and let all the inhabitants of the world be in awe of him.9For he spoke and they were made: he commanded and they were created.
2Confess to the Lord with stringed instruments; sing psalms to him with the psaltery, the instrument of ten strings.3Sing to him a new song. Sing psalms to him skillfully, with loud exclamation.4For the word of the Lord is upright, and all his works are in faith.5He loves mercy and judgment. The earth is full of the mercy of the Lord.6By the word of the Lord, the heavens were established, and all their power, by the Spirit of his mouth:7gathering together the waters of the sea, as if in a container, placing the depths in storage.8Let all the earth fear the Lord, and may all the inhabitants of the world quake before him.9For he spoke, and they became. He commanded, and they were created.
2Praise the Lord with harp: sing unto him with the psaltery and an instrument of ten strings.3Sing unto him a new song; play skilfully with a loud noise.4For the word of the Lord is right; and all his works are done in truth.5He loveth righteousness and judgment: the earth is full of the goodness of the Lord.6By the word of the Lord were the heavens made; and all the host of them by the breath of his mouth.7He gathereth the waters of the sea together as an heap: he layeth up the depth in storehouses.8Let all the earth fear the Lord: let all the inhabitants of the world stand in awe of him.9For he spake, and it was done; he commanded, and it stood fast.
The psalm opens with instruments: the harp, and the psaltery, the instrument of ten strings (v. 2). Haydock gives the Hebrew name, nebel, and Calmet warns that it did not resemble the modern psaltery. The image in verse 7 also varies between versions. The Douay has God gathering together the waters of the sea, as in a vessel, which Haydock says agrees with Augustine and some ancient psalters; the Septuagint reads "like a bottle" made of leather, askon, and modern translators prefer "like a heap." Calmet adds that Symmachus, Jerome, the Chaldean and Houbigant side with the Douay. Theodoret and Athanasius take the vessel for the clouds, but Haydock's note judges the first reading better.
The commentators read both images morally. The ten strings, for Worthington, are the decalogue joined to mortification, and the surviving part of Augustine's comment asks that "your members be servants to the love of God, and of your neighbour," the love "in which are kept both the three and the seven commandments." The new canticle (v. 3) is for Augustine "a song of the grace of faith"; Worthington makes it praise for the blessings of the new law, and Berthier compares the canticle of the Lamb in the Apocalypse and defends public worship and music "when performed with attention." Haydock reads with a loud noise as the cry of the heart, "the cry of which alone penetrates heaven." Augustine's reading of verse 7 is the boldest. The sea gathered into a bottle is the people of the world brought "to confession of mortified sin, lest through pride they flow too freely," and the depths laid up in storehouses are God keeping "His secrets for riches." Berthier stays with the sea itself, a basin made to hold such waters, some of which rise and fall again as rain to make the earth fruitful, "yet many take no notice of this admirable economy." Haydock's note adds, from Deuteronomy xxxii. 34, that these stored waters are also instruments of God's vengeance.
Verse 8 corrects a misplaced fear. Augustine reads let all the earth fear the Lord as "let every sinner fear, that so he may cease to sin," and be in awe of him as an awe owed "not of the terrors of men, or of any creature." Verse 9 gives the reason: he spoke and they were made, and, as Augustine puts it, "no other one made those things which are to fear." Fear of creatures is answered by a fear of the One who made them. Berthier's complaint about those who never notice the rain sits beside his remark that worship and music are useful only "when performed with attention," and Augustine pictures the proud sea of mankind gathered into God's bottle so that it does not overflow.
Gospel — Mark 10:46-52
46And they came to Jericho. And as he went out of Jericho with his disciples and a very great multitude, Bartimeus the blind man, the son of Timeus, sat by the way side begging.47Who when he had heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, began to cry out and to say: Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me.48And many rebuked him, that he might hold his peace; but he cried a great deal the more: Son of David, have mercy on me.49And Jesus, standing still, commanded him to be called. And they call the blind man, saying to him: Be of better comfort. Arise, he calleth thee.50Who casting off his garment leaped up and came to him.51And Jesus answering, said to him: What wilt thou that I should do to thee? And the blind man said to him: Rabboni. That I may see.52And Jesus saith to him: Go thy way. Thy faith hath made thee whole. And immediately he saw and followed him in the way.
46And they went to Jericho. And as he was setting out from Jericho with his disciples and a very numerous multitude, Bartimaeus, the son of Timaeus, a blind man, sat begging beside the way.47And when he had heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to cry out and to say, “Jesus, Son of David, take pity on me.”48And many admonished him to be quiet. But he cried out all the more, “Son of David, take pity on me.”49And Jesus, standing still, instructed him to be called. And they called the blind man, saying to him: “Be at peace. Arise. He is calling you.”50And casting aside his garment, he leapt up and went to him.51And in response, Jesus said to him, “What do you want, that I should do for you?” And the blind man said to him, “Master, that I may see.”52Then Jesus said to him, “Go, your faith has made you whole.” And immediately he saw, and he followed him on the way.
46And they came to Jericho: and as he went out of Jericho with his disciples and a great number of people, blind Bartimeus, the son of Timeus, sat by the highway side begging.47And when he heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to cry out, and say, Jesus, thou Son of David, have mercy on me.48And many charged him that he should hold his peace: but he cried the more a great deal, Thou Son of David, have mercy on me.49And Jesus stood still, and commanded him to be called. And they call the blind man, saying unto him, Be of good comfort, rise; he calleth thee.50And he, casting away his garment, rose, and came to Jesus.51And Jesus answered and said unto him, What wilt thou that I should do unto thee? The blind man said unto him, Lord, that I might receive my sight.52And Jesus said unto him, Go thy way; thy faith hath made thee whole. And immediately he received his sight, and followed Jesus in the way.
46And they came to Jericho. And as he went out of Jericho with his disciples and a very great multitude, Bartimeus the blind man, the son of Timeus, sat by the way side begging.47Who when he had heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, began to cry out and to say: Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me.48And many rebuked him, that he might hold his peace; but he cried a great deal the more: Son of David, have mercy on me.49And Jesus, standing still, commanded him to be called. And they call the blind man, saying to him: Be of better comfort. Arise, he calleth thee.50Who casting off his garment leaped up and came to him.51And Jesus answering, said to him: What wilt thou that I should do to thee? And the blind man said to him: Rabboni. That I may see.52And Jesus saith to him: Go thy way. Thy faith hath made thee whole. And immediately he saw and followed him in the way.
46And they went to Jericho. And as he was setting out from Jericho with his disciples and a very numerous multitude, Bartimaeus, the son of Timaeus, a blind man, sat begging beside the way.47And when he had heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to cry out and to say, “Jesus, Son of David, take pity on me.”48And many admonished him to be quiet. But he cried out all the more, “Son of David, take pity on me.”49And Jesus, standing still, instructed him to be called. And they called the blind man, saying to him: “Be at peace. Arise. He is calling you.”50And casting aside his garment, he leapt up and went to him.51And in response, Jesus said to him, “What do you want, that I should do for you?” And the blind man said to him, “Master, that I may see.”52Then Jesus said to him, “Go, your faith has made you whole.” And immediately he saw, and he followed him on the way.
46And they came to Jericho: and as he went out of Jericho with his disciples and a great number of people, blind Bartimeus, the son of Timeus, sat by the highway side begging.47And when he heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to cry out, and say, Jesus, thou Son of David, have mercy on me.48And many charged him that he should hold his peace: but he cried the more a great deal, Thou Son of David, have mercy on me.49And Jesus stood still, and commanded him to be called. And they call the blind man, saying unto him, Be of good comfort, rise; he calleth thee.50And he, casting away his garment, rose, and came to Jesus.51And Jesus answered and said unto him, What wilt thou that I should do unto thee? The blind man said unto him, Lord, that I might receive my sight.52And Jesus said unto him, Go thy way; thy faith hath made thee whole. And immediately he received his sight, and followed Jesus in the way.
The rebuke at v. 48 is usually taken for impatience with a beggar. Origen reads it as a doctrinal correction: the silencing came from "they who went before," "those who were foremost in believing," who wanted the man to "cease to call Him by a contemptible name, when he ought to say, Son of God, have pity upon me." Origen presses this into the cure itself: "it is more worthy to say Rabboni... than to say Son of David; wherefore He given him health, not on his saying, Son of David, but when he said Rabboni." The distinction survives in the Douay's Rabboni (v. 51) and is lost in the catena's own lemma, which has only "Lord, that I might receive my sight." Pseudo-Chrysostom takes the same title in the opposite sense: the man cried Son of David "hearing the way in which the passing multitude praised Him, and feeling sure that the expectation of the prophets was fulfilled." Nothing in the sources settles between them.
The commentators are as unsettled about how many blind men there were. Bede states the problem — Matthew has two, Luke one, and Luke's cure happens as Jesus is entering Jericho — and resolves it by supplementation: "one wrote more fully, what another has left out," with Mark's man the more important of the two, "which appears from this circumstance, that Mark has related his name and the name of his father." Augustine will not buy the harmony that cheaply and separates the cases, holding that Luke records "a similar miracle wrought on another blind man." The catena supplies a detail that favours him: Luke's man had to be brought, "as though unable to come by himself," whereas this one is called and comes. Bede turns the arithmetic into figure: one healed entering Jericho and two leaving it means that "before His Passion He preached only to one nation, the Jews," and after the Resurrection to both. A quieter split concerns why Christ asks an obviously blind man what he wants. Bede: "He puts the question, to stir up the blind man's heart to pray." Chrysostom: to forestall any suspicion "that what He granted the man was not what he wanted," making the petitioner's disposition public "in order to stir up others to emulation." Lapide, reporting Pagnini's three readings of the name, keeps the same double focus: Barsemia, "son of blindness," from Jerome; bar with the Greek τιμή, son of honour; or bar as wheat or purity with tamah, to admire, "for being illuminated in body, he was far more illuminated in his soul."
Bede is blunt about what the episode forbids asking for: "let us not seek for riches, earthly goods, or honours from the Lord, but for that Light, which we alone with the Angels can see, the way to which is faith." Haydock, carrying the same passage, adds the sting — "In this worse than Cimmerian darkness, how few are found, who pray as they ought for this all-necessary light of faith." The test is not the intensity of the asking but what follows it: "he sees and follows who works what his understanding tells him is good," imitating one "who had no wish to prosper in this world, and bore reproach and derision." Theophylact fixes the deadline, reading followed him in the way as "in this life, because, after it, all are excluded who follow Him not here." What the catena leaves in view is the discarded cloak, "the veil of blindness and poverty," flung off by a man who "with unencumbered pace hastens to the Giver of eternal light" — and who then owns nothing at all except the road out of Jericho.
First Reading · Sirach 42:15-25
15I will now remember the works of the Lord, and I will declare the things I have seen. By the words of the Lord are his works.16The sun giving light hath looked upon all things, and full of the glory of the Lord is his work.17Hath not the Lord made the saints to declare all his wonderful works, which the Lord Almighty hath firmly settled to be established for his glory?18He hath searched out the deep, and the heart of men: and considered their crafty devices.19For the Lord knoweth all knowledge, and hath beheld the signs of the world, he declareth the things that are past, and the things that are to come, and revealeth the traces of hidden things.20No thought escapeth him, and no word can hide itself from him.21He hath beautified the glorious works of his wisdom: and he is from eternity to eternity, and to him nothing may be added,22Nor can he be diminished, and he hath no need of any counsellor.23O how desirable are all his works, and what we can know is but as a spark!24All these things live, and remain for ever, and for every use all things obey him.25All things are double, one against another, and he hath made nothing defective.
15And now, I will remember the works of the Lord, and I will announce what I have seen. The words of the Lord are in his works.16The sun illuminates and considers all things, and its work shows the fullness of the glory of the Lord.17Has not the Lord caused the holy ones to describe all his miracles, which the all-powerful Lord has firmly established in his glory?18He has examined the abyss and the hearts of men. And he has considered their astuteness.19For the Lord comprehends all knowledge, and he has gazed upon the signs of the times: announcing the things of the past, as well as the things of the future, and revealing the traces of hidden things.20No thought passes by him unnoticed, and no word can conceal itself from him.21He has adorned the magnificent works of his wisdom. He is before eternity and even unto eternity. And nothing can be added,22and nothing can be taken away. And he has no need of any counselor.23O how desirable are all his works! And all that we consider is but a spark.24All these works exist, and they remain in the present age, and they all obey him in every purpose.25All things are two-fold, one facing another, and he has not made anything to be lacking.
15I will now remember the works of the Lord, and declare the things that I have seen: In the words of the Lord are his works.16The sun that giveth light looketh upon all things, and the work thereof is full of the glory of the Lord.17The Lord hath not given power to the saints to declare all his marvellous works, which the Almighty Lord firmly settled, that whatsoever is might be established for his glory.18He seeketh out the deep, and the heart, and considereth their crafty devices: for the Lord knoweth all that may be known, and he beholdeth the signs of the world.19He declareth the things that are past, and for to come, and revealeth the steps of hidden things.20No thought escapeth him, neither any word is hidden from him.21He hath garnished the excellent works of his wisdom, and he is from everlasting to everlasting: unto him may nothing be added, neither can he be diminished, and he hath no need of any counsellor.22Oh how desirable are all his works! and that a man may see even to a spark.23All these things live and remain for ever for all uses, and they are all obedient.24All things are double one against another: and he hath made nothing imperfect.25One thing establisheth the good or another: and who shall be filled with beholding his glory?
The hymn opens with a small preposition carrying a large claim. By the words of the Lord are his works (v. 15), and Haydock notes that the word is literally "in": the works stand within the word that made them. The verb that begins the verse bears a second sense too, for Haydock gives remember as also "publish", and the publishing turns out to be long. Calmet has the praise of God and of Israel's great men run from here to the end of the book, Haydock to the fiftieth chapter. The close of the passage is stranger than its opening. All things are double, one against another (v. 25), and the Greek of the next line, as Haydock renders it, says that "one thing establishes the good of another" (v. 26).
The commentators read the passage as a contrast between two kinds of knowing. When the sun hath looked upon all things (v. 16), Haydock sends the reader to the eighteenth psalm: the world itself displays God's glory and power. The saints whom God made to declare his works (v. 17) are for Calmet the blessed in heaven, or more probably the Israelites, with a reference to Psalm 147. The signs of the world (v. 19) Haydock takes as the order of the stars, and Calmet adds that God does not study them to discover what will happen, because he is the author of nature, not its observer. Worthington draws the conclusion for us. From the works we can form only some idea of his greatness. The pairs of verse 25 then come from the opposite direction. Haydock places the verse beside Linus and Epimenides, who held that the world subsists by this opposition, and beside Ovid's Hanc Deus et melior litem natura diremit, a strife that God and a better nature brought to an end. Sirach does not call the pairing a strife at all. Calmet calls each thing a counterpoise to its fellow, and Menochius supplies the examples: black colours cause the white to shine forth, and youth is guided by the experience of old age.
Two errors are rebuked here. One reads the world's contraries as mere conflict, a contest with no referee. The other treats whatever the eye cannot place as a defect in the design. Against both the text sets two plain statements: he hath made nothing defective (v. 25), and what we can know is but as a spark (v. 23). Humility about the spark and trust in the whole belong together. The old man's experience steadying the young man's strength is the passage in miniature, two unlike things each making the other good.
Responsorial Psalm · Psalm 33:2-3, 4-5, 6-7, 8-9
2Give praise to the Lord on the harp; sing to him with the psaltery, the instrument of ten strings.3Sing to him a new canticle, sing well unto him with a loud noise.4For the word of the Lord is right, and all his works are done with faithfulness.5He loveth mercy and judgment; the earth is full of the mercy of the Lord.6By the word of the Lord the heavens were established; and all the power of them by the spirit of his mouth:7Gathering together the waters of the sea, as in a vessel; laying up the depths in storehouses.8Let all the earth fear the Lord, and let all the inhabitants of the world be in awe of him.9For he spoke and they were made: he commanded and they were created.
2Confess to the Lord with stringed instruments; sing psalms to him with the psaltery, the instrument of ten strings.3Sing to him a new song. Sing psalms to him skillfully, with loud exclamation.4For the word of the Lord is upright, and all his works are in faith.5He loves mercy and judgment. The earth is full of the mercy of the Lord.6By the word of the Lord, the heavens were established, and all their power, by the Spirit of his mouth:7gathering together the waters of the sea, as if in a container, placing the depths in storage.8Let all the earth fear the Lord, and may all the inhabitants of the world quake before him.9For he spoke, and they became. He commanded, and they were created.
2Praise the Lord with harp: sing unto him with the psaltery and an instrument of ten strings.3Sing unto him a new song; play skilfully with a loud noise.4For the word of the Lord is right; and all his works are done in truth.5He loveth righteousness and judgment: the earth is full of the goodness of the Lord.6By the word of the Lord were the heavens made; and all the host of them by the breath of his mouth.7He gathereth the waters of the sea together as an heap: he layeth up the depth in storehouses.8Let all the earth fear the Lord: let all the inhabitants of the world stand in awe of him.9For he spake, and it was done; he commanded, and it stood fast.
The psalm opens with instruments: the harp, and the psaltery, the instrument of ten strings (v. 2). Haydock gives the Hebrew name, nebel, and Calmet warns that it did not resemble the modern psaltery. The image in verse 7 also varies between versions. The Douay has God gathering together the waters of the sea, as in a vessel, which Haydock says agrees with Augustine and some ancient psalters; the Septuagint reads "like a bottle" made of leather, askon, and modern translators prefer "like a heap." Calmet adds that Symmachus, Jerome, the Chaldean and Houbigant side with the Douay. Theodoret and Athanasius take the vessel for the clouds, but Haydock's note judges the first reading better.
The commentators read both images morally. The ten strings, for Worthington, are the decalogue joined to mortification, and the surviving part of Augustine's comment asks that "your members be servants to the love of God, and of your neighbour," the love "in which are kept both the three and the seven commandments." The new canticle (v. 3) is for Augustine "a song of the grace of faith"; Worthington makes it praise for the blessings of the new law, and Berthier compares the canticle of the Lamb in the Apocalypse and defends public worship and music "when performed with attention." Haydock reads with a loud noise as the cry of the heart, "the cry of which alone penetrates heaven." Augustine's reading of verse 7 is the boldest. The sea gathered into a bottle is the people of the world brought "to confession of mortified sin, lest through pride they flow too freely," and the depths laid up in storehouses are God keeping "His secrets for riches." Berthier stays with the sea itself, a basin made to hold such waters, some of which rise and fall again as rain to make the earth fruitful, "yet many take no notice of this admirable economy." Haydock's note adds, from Deuteronomy xxxii. 34, that these stored waters are also instruments of God's vengeance.
Verse 8 corrects a misplaced fear. Augustine reads let all the earth fear the Lord as "let every sinner fear, that so he may cease to sin," and be in awe of him as an awe owed "not of the terrors of men, or of any creature." Verse 9 gives the reason: he spoke and they were made, and, as Augustine puts it, "no other one made those things which are to fear." Fear of creatures is answered by a fear of the One who made them. Berthier's complaint about those who never notice the rain sits beside his remark that worship and music are useful only "when performed with attention," and Augustine pictures the proud sea of mankind gathered into God's bottle so that it does not overflow.
Gospel · Mark 10:46-52
46And they came to Jericho. And as he went out of Jericho with his disciples and a very great multitude, Bartimeus the blind man, the son of Timeus, sat by the way side begging.47Who when he had heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, began to cry out and to say: Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me.48And many rebuked him, that he might hold his peace; but he cried a great deal the more: Son of David, have mercy on me.49And Jesus, standing still, commanded him to be called. And they call the blind man, saying to him: Be of better comfort. Arise, he calleth thee.50Who casting off his garment leaped up and came to him.51And Jesus answering, said to him: What wilt thou that I should do to thee? And the blind man said to him: Rabboni. That I may see.52And Jesus saith to him: Go thy way. Thy faith hath made thee whole. And immediately he saw and followed him in the way.
46And they went to Jericho. And as he was setting out from Jericho with his disciples and a very numerous multitude, Bartimaeus, the son of Timaeus, a blind man, sat begging beside the way.47And when he had heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to cry out and to say, “Jesus, Son of David, take pity on me.”48And many admonished him to be quiet. But he cried out all the more, “Son of David, take pity on me.”49And Jesus, standing still, instructed him to be called. And they called the blind man, saying to him: “Be at peace. Arise. He is calling you.”50And casting aside his garment, he leapt up and went to him.51And in response, Jesus said to him, “What do you want, that I should do for you?” And the blind man said to him, “Master, that I may see.”52Then Jesus said to him, “Go, your faith has made you whole.” And immediately he saw, and he followed him on the way.
46And they came to Jericho: and as he went out of Jericho with his disciples and a great number of people, blind Bartimeus, the son of Timeus, sat by the highway side begging.47And when he heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to cry out, and say, Jesus, thou Son of David, have mercy on me.48And many charged him that he should hold his peace: but he cried the more a great deal, Thou Son of David, have mercy on me.49And Jesus stood still, and commanded him to be called. And they call the blind man, saying unto him, Be of good comfort, rise; he calleth thee.50And he, casting away his garment, rose, and came to Jesus.51And Jesus answered and said unto him, What wilt thou that I should do unto thee? The blind man said unto him, Lord, that I might receive my sight.52And Jesus said unto him, Go thy way; thy faith hath made thee whole. And immediately he received his sight, and followed Jesus in the way.
The rebuke at v. 48 is usually taken for impatience with a beggar. Origen reads it as a doctrinal correction: the silencing came from "they who went before," "those who were foremost in believing," who wanted the man to "cease to call Him by a contemptible name, when he ought to say, Son of God, have pity upon me." Origen presses this into the cure itself: "it is more worthy to say Rabboni... than to say Son of David; wherefore He given him health, not on his saying, Son of David, but when he said Rabboni." The distinction survives in the Douay's Rabboni (v. 51) and is lost in the catena's own lemma, which has only "Lord, that I might receive my sight." Pseudo-Chrysostom takes the same title in the opposite sense: the man cried Son of David "hearing the way in which the passing multitude praised Him, and feeling sure that the expectation of the prophets was fulfilled." Nothing in the sources settles between them.
The commentators are as unsettled about how many blind men there were. Bede states the problem — Matthew has two, Luke one, and Luke's cure happens as Jesus is entering Jericho — and resolves it by supplementation: "one wrote more fully, what another has left out," with Mark's man the more important of the two, "which appears from this circumstance, that Mark has related his name and the name of his father." Augustine will not buy the harmony that cheaply and separates the cases, holding that Luke records "a similar miracle wrought on another blind man." The catena supplies a detail that favours him: Luke's man had to be brought, "as though unable to come by himself," whereas this one is called and comes. Bede turns the arithmetic into figure: one healed entering Jericho and two leaving it means that "before His Passion He preached only to one nation, the Jews," and after the Resurrection to both. A quieter split concerns why Christ asks an obviously blind man what he wants. Bede: "He puts the question, to stir up the blind man's heart to pray." Chrysostom: to forestall any suspicion "that what He granted the man was not what he wanted," making the petitioner's disposition public "in order to stir up others to emulation." Lapide, reporting Pagnini's three readings of the name, keeps the same double focus: Barsemia, "son of blindness," from Jerome; bar with the Greek τιμή, son of honour; or bar as wheat or purity with tamah, to admire, "for being illuminated in body, he was far more illuminated in his soul."
Bede is blunt about what the episode forbids asking for: "let us not seek for riches, earthly goods, or honours from the Lord, but for that Light, which we alone with the Angels can see, the way to which is faith." Haydock, carrying the same passage, adds the sting — "In this worse than Cimmerian darkness, how few are found, who pray as they ought for this all-necessary light of faith." The test is not the intensity of the asking but what follows it: "he sees and follows who works what his understanding tells him is good," imitating one "who had no wish to prosper in this world, and bore reproach and derision." Theophylact fixes the deadline, reading followed him in the way as "in this life, because, after it, all are excluded who follow Him not here." What the catena leaves in view is the discarded cloak, "the veil of blindness and poverty," flung off by a man who "with unencumbered pace hastens to the Giver of eternal light" — and who then owns nothing at all except the road out of Jericho.
· sources ·
The complete public-domain commentary this reading's note draws from, unabridged. Every claim in the note traces to a passage here.
First Reading Sirach 42:15-25
Work. The world displays God's glory and power, Psalm xviii. 6.
Saints, in heaven, or rather the Israelites, Psalm cxlvii. 20. (Calmet)
Signs. Literally, "sign," the order of the stars, &c. (Haydock) --- Yet God does not study these things, to discover what will happen. He is the author of nature. (Calmet) --- From his works we are to form some idea of his greatness, Job xxviii., &c. (Worthington)
Another. By this opposition the world subsists, according to Linus, Epimenides, &c. Hanc Deus et melior litem natura diremit. ([Ovid] Met. i.) See chap. xxiii. 16.
Responsorial Psalm Psalm 33:2-3, 4-5, 6-7, 8-9
(ver. 2): let your members be servants to the love of God, and of your neighbour, in which are kept both the three and the seven commandments.
3. "Sing unto Him a new song:" sing unto Him a song of the grace of faith. "Sing skilfully unto Him with jubilation"
(ver. 3): sing skillfully unto Him with rejoicing.
4. "For the Word of the Lord is right:" for the Word of the Lord is right, to make you that which of yourselves ye cannot be. "And all His works are done in faith"
(ver. 4): lest any think that by the merit of works he hath arrived at faith, when in faith are done all the works which God Himself loveth.
5. "He loveth Mercy and Judgment:" for He loveth Mercy, which now He showeth first; and Judgment, wherewith He exacteth that which He hath first shown. "The earth is full of the Mercy of the Lord"
(ver. 5): throughout the whole world are sins forgiven unto men by the Mercy of the Lord.
6. "By the Word of the Lord were the heavens made firm:" for not by themselves, but by the Word of the Lord were the righteous made strong. "And all the strength of them by the Breath of His Mouth" (ver. 6). And all their faith by His Holy Spirit.
7. "He gathereth the waters of the sea together as into a bottle:" He gathered the people of the world together, to confession of mortified sin, lest through pride they flow too freely. "He layeth up the deep in storehouses"
(ver. 7): and keepeth in them His secrets for riches.
8. "Let all the earth fear the Lord:" let every sinner fear, that so he may cease to sin. "Let all the inhabitants of the world stand in awe of Him"
(ver. 8): not of the terrors of men, or of any creature, but of Him let them stand in awe.
9. "For He spake, and they were made:" for no other one made those things which are to fear; but He spake, and they were made. "He commanded, and they were created"
(ver. 9): He commanded by His Word, and they were created.
10. "The Lord bringeth the counsel of the heathen to nought;" of them that seek not His Kingdom, but kingdoms of their own. "He maketh the devices of the people of none effect:" of them that covet earthly happiness. "And reproveth the counsels of princes"
Psaltery. Hebrew nebel, (Haydock) which does not resemble the modern psaltery. (Calmet) --- We must carefully observe mortification, and the decalogue. (Worthington)
New. Interesting, like the canticle of the lamb, or of redemption, Apocalypse. [chap. v.?] Public worship and music are very useful, when performed with attention. (Berthier) --- The prophet invites all to praise God for the blessings granted by Christ in the new law. (Worthington) --- Noise, proceeding from the heart, the cry of which alone penetrates heaven. (Haydock)
Faithfulness. He always fulfils his promises, and his laws are just; (Worthington) therefore he deserves our praise. (Calmet) (Psalm cxliv. 13.)
Judgment. God joins these virtues together, (Worthington) as we ought to do. (Haydock) (Luke vi. 36., and Matthew v. 48.) --- He punishes the wicked, and rewards the good. But his mercy displays itself on the earth, as there is no misery in heaven. (St. Augustine) --- Its effects appear more since the coming of our Saviour. (Calmet)
Mouth, by his command. (Euthymius) (Genesis i. 6.) --- The Fathers here find the blessed Trinity expressed; (Calmet; Menochius) and the Council of Trent admonishes us to follow their unanimous interpretation, which is here adopted by Baumbgarte, a Protestant, 1719. St. John [i. 1.] informs us that all was made by the Word, from whom the Father and the Holy Spirit cannot be separated. (Berthier) --- Seneca (consol. 8.) seems to have had some idea of this mystery. Quisquis formator universi fuit, sive ille Deus est potens omnium; sive incorporalis Ratio, ingentium operum artifex; sive divinus Spiritus, per omnia maxima et minima æquali intentione diffusus. The power of them may designate the stars and angels, which the Hebrew styles "the army" of heaven, Isaias xxiv. 21., and Matthew xxvi. 53. (Calmet) --- The word of God is omnipotent, (Worthington) "the Creator....both of visible and invisible things." (Nicene Creed) (Haydock) --- Calvin rejects this proof of the Trinity as weak, (Amama) as he did not like the word Trinity, nor perhaps the mystery itself. (Haydock)
As in. This is agreeable to St. Augustine, and some ancient psalters; though the Septuagint have "like a bottle" made of leather, Greek: osei askon. Moderns would translate, "like a heap." But Symmachus and St. Jerome agree with us, (see Psalm lxxvii. 13.; Calmet) as well as the Chaldean and Houbigant. God has made the bed of the sea capable of containing such quantities of water, some of which evaporate and descend again from the clouds, to make the earth fruitful. Yet many take no notice of this admirable economy. (Berthier) --- Theodoret and St. Athanasius understand the clouds to be meant by this vessel; but the former sentiment seems better. These waters, as well as hail, &c., are instruments of God's vengeance, Deuteronomy xxxii. 34. The depths have the same import. God calls them forth at pleasure, (Amos v. 8., and Genesis vii. 11.) and confines them within bounds, Job xxxviii. 11.
Created. Hebrew, "on foot," to express God's absolute dominion. (Calmet) --- This passage shews that bra means properly created out of nothing, Genesis i. Matter did not exist before God spoke. (Berthier)
1 Rejoice in the Lord , O ye righteous: for praise is comely for the upright. 2 Praise the Lord with harp: sing unto him with the psaltery and an instrument of ten strings. 3 Sing unto him a new song; play skilfully with a loud noise. 4 For the word of the Lord is right; and all his works are done in truth. 5 He loveth righteousness and judgment: the earth is full of the goodness of the Lord . 6 By the word of the Lord were the heavens made; and all the host of them by the breath of his mouth. 7 He gathereth the waters of the sea together as a heap: he layeth up the depth in storehouses. 8 Let all the earth fear the Lord : let all the inhabitants of the world stand in awe of him. 9 For he spake, and it was done; he commanded, and it stood fast. 10 The Lord bringeth the counsel of the heathen to nought: he maketh the devices of the people of none effect. 11 The counsel of the Lord standeth for ever, the thoughts of his heart to all generations.
Four things the psalmist expresses in these verses:
I. The great desire he had that God might be praised. He did not think he did it so well himself, but that he wished others also might be employed in this work; the more the better, in this concert: it is the more like heaven. 1. Holy joy is the heart and soul of praise, and that is here pressed upon all good people ( v. 1 ): Rejoice in the Lord, you righteous; so the foregoing psalm concluded and so this begins; for all our religious exercises should both begin and end with a holy complacency and triumph in God as the best of being and best of friends. 2. Thankful praise is the breath and language of holy joy; and that also is here required of us ( v. 2 ): " Praise the Lord; speak well of him, and give him the glory due to his name." 3. Religious songs are the proper expressions of thankful praise; those are here required ( v. 3 ): " Sing unto him a new song, the best you have, not that which by frequent use is worn, thread-bare, but that which, being new, is most likely to move the affections, a new song for new mercies and upon every new occasion, for those compassions which are new every morning." Music was then used, by the appointment of David, with the temple-songs, that they might be the better sung; and this also is here called for ( v. 2 ): Sing unto him with the psaltery. Here is, (1.) A good rule for this duty: "Do it skilfully, and with a loud noise; let it have the best both of head and heart; let it be done intelligently and with a clear head, affectionately and with a warm heart." (2.) A good reason for this duty: For praise is comely for the upright. It is well pleasing to God (the garments of praise add much to the comeliness which God puts upon his people) and it is an excellent ornament to our profession. It becomes the upright, whom God has put so much honour upon, to give honour to him. The upright praise God in a comely manner, for they praise him with their hearts, that is praising him with their glory; whereas the praises of hypocrites are awkward and uncomely, like a parable in the mouth of fools, Prov. xxvi. 7 .
II. The high thoughts he had of God, and of his infinite perfections, v. 4, 5 . God makes himself known to us, 1. In his word, here put for all divine revelation, all that which God at sundry times and in divers manners spoke to the children of men, and that is all right, there is nothing amiss in it; his commands exactly agree with the rules of equity and the eternal reasons of good and evil. His promises are all wise and good and inviolably sure, and there is no iniquity in his threatenings, but even those are designed for our good, by deterring us from evil. God's word is right, and therefore all our deviations from it are wrong, and we are then in the right when we agree with it. 2. In his works, and those are all done in truth, all according to his counsels, which are called the scriptures of truth, Dan. x. 21 . The copy in all God's works agrees exactly with the great original, the plan laid in the Eternal Mind, and varies not in the least jot. God has made it to appear in his works, (1.) That he is a God of inflexible justice: He loveth righteousness and judgment. There is nothing but righteousness in the sentence he passes and judgment in the execution of it. He never did nor can do wrong to any of his creatures, but is always ready to give redress to those that are wronged, and does it with delight. He takes pleasure in those that are righteous. He is himself the righteous Lord, and therefore loveth righteousness. (2.) That he is a God of inexhaustible bounty: The earth is full of his goodness, that is, of the proofs and instances of it. The benign influences which the earth receives from above, and the fruits it is thereby enabled to produce, the provision that is made both for man and beast, and the common blessings with which all the nations of the earth are blessed, plainly declare that the earth is full of his goodness —the darkest, the coldest, the hottest, and the most dry and desert part of it not excepted. What a pity is it that this earth, which is so full of God's goodness, should be so empty of his praises, and that of the multitudes that live upon his bounty there are so few that live to his glory!
III. The conviction he was under of the almighty power of God, evidenced in the creation of the world. We "believe in God," and therefore we praise him as "the Father Almighty, maker of heaven and earth," so we are here taught to praise him. Observe,
1. How God made the world, and brought all things into being. (1.) How easily: All things were made by the word of the Lord and by the breath of his mouth. Christ is the Word, the Spirit is the breath, so that God the Father made the world, as he rules it and redeems it, by his Son and Spirit. He spoke, and he commanded ( v. 9 ), and that was enough; there needed no more. With men saying and doing are two things, but it is not so with God. By the Word and Spirit of God as the world was made, so was man, that little world. God said, Let us make man, and he breathed into him the breath of life. By the Word and Spirit the church is built, that new world, and grace wrought in the soul, that new man, that new creation. What cannot that power do which with a word made a world! (2.) How effectually it was done: And it stood fast. What God does he does to purpose; he does it and it stands fast. Whatsoever God doeth, it shall be for ever, Eccl. iii. 14 . It is by virtue of that command to stand fast that things continue to this day according to God's ordinance, Ps. cxix. 91 .
2. What he made. He made all things, but notice is here taken, (1.) of the heavens, and the host of them, v. 6 . The visible heavens, and the sun, moon, and stars, their hosts—(2.) Of the waters, and the treasures of them, v. 7 . The earth was at first covered with the water, and, being heavier, must of course subside and sink under it; but, to show from the very first that the God of nature is not tied to the ordinary method of nature, and the usual operations of his powers, with a word's speaking he gathered the waters together on a heap, that the dry land might appear, yet left them not to continue on a heap, but laid up the depth in store-houses, not only in the flats where the seas make their beds, and in which they are locked up by the sand on the shore as in storehouses, but in secret subterraneous caverns, where they are hidden from the eyes of all living, but were reserved as in a store-house for that day when those fountains of the great deep were to be broken up; and they are still laid up there in store, for which use the great Master of the house knows best.
3. What use is to be made of this ( v. 8 ): Let all the earth fear the Lord, and stand in awe of him; that is, let all the children of men worship him and give glory to him, Ps. xc. 5, 6 . The everlasting gospel gives this as the reason why we must worship God, because he made the heaven, and the earth, and the sea, Rev. xiv. 6, 7 . Let us all fear him, that is, dread his wrath and displeasure, and be afraid of having him our enemy and of standing it out against him. Let us not dare to offend him who having this power no doubt has all power in his hand. It is dangerous being at war with him who has the host of heaven for his armies and the depths of the sea for his magazines, and therefore it is wisdom to desire conditions of peace, see Jer. v. 22 .
1-3. The sentiment falls in with Psa 32:11 (compare 1Co 14:15 ). The instruments ( Psa 92:3 ; 144:9 ) do not exclude the voice.
4-9. Reasons for praise: first, God's truth, faithfulness, and mercy, generally; then, His creative power which all must honor.
Gospel Mark 10:46-52
CHAPTER 10
2 Christ disputeth with the Pharisees touching divorcement: 13 blesseth the children that are brought unto him: 17 resolveth a rich man how he may inherit life everlasting: 23 telleth his disciples of the danger of riches: 28 promiseth rewards to them that forsake anything for the gospel: 32 foretelleth his death and resurrection: 35 biddeth the two ambitious suitors to think rather of suffering with him: 46 and restoreth to Bartimæus his sight.
Ver. 21. And Jesus regarding him, with a benignant and pleasant countenance, loved him, showed him marks of His love, taking his hand and smiling upon him, embracing and kissing him.
One thing is wanting unto thee, namely, for the perfection of a holy and evangelical life.
Follow Me. The Greek adds, Taking up thy cross. The Syriac has, Take thy cross, and come after Me.
Ver. 24. Little children (Vulg.); the Syriac, My sons. By His bland address He softens the hardness of the matter. He is like one who loves his children most dearly; and as such He would tell them the truth in sincerity, and persuade them to renounce riches as a bar to salvation.
That trust in riches. For rich men trust in their riches rather than in God, according to the saying in Proverbs (Pro_10:15), "The substance of a rich man is the city of his strength" (Vulg.). With difficulty, therefore, are they saved, because salvation cometh only from God. Wherefore those who wish to be saved must put their trust in God, and must ask and wait for salvation from Him, as the poor do. For inasmuch as they have no riches in which to trust, they are obliged to place all their hopes in God, according to the words (Psa_14:6), "Ye have shamed the counsel of the poor, because the Lord is his hope." Therefore if rich men wish to be saved, let them turn their hope, their heart, their love from riches, and fix them upon God.
Ver. 30. Who shall not receive an hundred times as much, now in this time; houses, and brethren, and sisters, and mothers, and children, and lands, with persecutions: and in the world to come life everlasting. I have explained this hundredfold in S. Mat_19:29. Mark here adds, with persecutions. The Arabic has, in tribulations. "Let him who has relinquished his possessions and friends for the love of Christ, and is set in the midst of persecutions, and is encompassed by them on every side, be faithful. For there will not be wanting a hundred, that is, very many, who will succour and cherish him, as brothers, fathers, and mothers." So Jerome, Bede, &c.
This is added because in persecutions the believer especially needs the help and assistance of others. Also, because this is a rare and marvellous thing, that in persecution, when a man is wont to be left destitute of help and friends, and when all, through fear of danger, withdraw themselves from him, those who follow Christ experience the exact contrary, and find a hundred, i.e., very many to succour them.
Again, with persecutions may be taken thusthat persecutions and tribulations undergone for Christ's sake reward which shall be given, together with the hundredfold, to those who follow Christ. For to suffer for Christ is a great gift of God, as the Apostle teaches (Phi_2:19).
Ver. 32. They were in the way, from Jericho, . . . and Jesus went before them, as with alacrity, affording himself as a guide in the way to the frightened Apostles, who shrank from Jerusalem, because they knew that Jesus was there sought for by the princes to be put to death. Yea, a decree had been made to that effect by their great council, the Sanhedrin (Joh_11:52). Whence it follows
They were astonished, and following, were afraid. Gr. ε̉θαμβου̃ντο, i.e., they were astonished with great fear and dread. The imminent peril of death, says Bede, was the cause of their fear. They were amazed that Christ with so prompt and resolute a mind should bring Himself and His disciples into such open peril of death. They were afraid lest they might suffer and be put to death with Christ.
Ver. 38. Or be baptised with the baptism wherewith I am baptized. Christ calls His Passion a baptism, because He was to be evidently immersed and drowned in it, according to what David says of himself, but much more of Christ (Psa_69:12), "Save me, 0 God; for the waters are come in unto my soul. I sink in deep mire, where there is no standing: I am come into deep waters, where the floods overflow me."
Ver. 42. Ye know that they who seem to rule over the Gentiles lord it over them. Gr. κατακυριεύουσιν αυ̉τω̃ν, i.e, dominate over them, or against them. For who seem, the Gr. is οί δοκου̃ντες, i.e., who please themselves, and rejoice in ruling. For none rule more imperiously and harshly than those who are delighted with ruling and commanding. Whence the Arabic translates, they who think themselves princes of the people are their lords, i.e., they exercise, as it were, a tyrannical domination over them.
Ver. 46. Bartimæus, the son of Timæus. This blind man, then, was called by a proper name, Bartimæus, i.e., the son of Timæus, as Bartholomew is the same as son of Ptolemy. The same was called also by the same name as his father Timæus. Timæus was the name of that Pythagorean philosopher who wrote the life of Pythagoras.
Moreover, Bartimæus is interpreted by Pagnini in three ways (in Nom. Hebraicis). The first is from S. Jerome, to the effect that Bartimæus means the blind son, or the son of blindness. He says that it is a Syriac name, but corrupted from Barsemia, or Barsamæus. Bar is son, semaia, blindness.
The second opinion is, that it means the son of honour; as if compounded of the Syriac bar, a son, and the Gr. τιμή, honour.
The third is, that it means the son of the admirer, or admirable corn, or admirable purity. For this was what the blind man received from Christ. For being illuminated in body, he was far more illuminated in his soul. For bar means meal, or wheat, or purity, as well as son. Tamah is to admire.
And followed Him in the way. Moraliter: Says the Gloss, Let us consider the way in which He goeth, and follow Him by humility and labours. The way is that of which He saith, "I am the way, the truth, and the life." This is "the narrow way," which leads to the heights of Jerusalem and Bethany, to the Mount of Olives, which is the mount of light and consolation; yea, which leads to Zion and the heavenly Jerusalem. The blind man therefore sees and follows, for he who rightly understands the life of Christ ought to follow and imitate it by his works. (Top)
And they came to Jericho: and as He went out of Jericho with His disciples and a great number of people, blind Bartimaeus, the son of Timaeus, sat by the highway side begging.47. And when he heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to cry out, and say, "Jesus, Thou Son of David, have mercy on me."48. And many charged him that he should hold his peace: but he cried the more a great deal, "Thou Son of David, have mercy on me."49. And Jesus stood still, and commanded him to be called. And they call the blind man, saying unto him, "Be of good comfort, rise; He calleth thee."50. And he, casting away his garment, rose, and came to Jesus.51. And Jesus answered and said unto him, "What wilt thou that I should do unto thee?" The blind man said unto Him, "Lord, that I might receive my sight."52. And Jesus said unto him, "Go thy way; thy faith hath made thee whole." And immediately he received his sight, and followed Jesus in the way.
The name of the city agrees with the approaching Passion of our Lord; for it is said, "And they came to Jericho." Jericho means moon or anathema; but the failing of the flesh of Christ is the preparation of the heavenly Jerusalem.
"And as He went out of Jericho with His disciples, and a great number of people, blind Bartimaeus, the son of Timaeus, sat by the wayside begging."
Matthew says, that there were two blind men sitting by the wayside, who cried to the Lord, and received their sight; but Luke relates that one blind man was enlightened by Him, with a like order of circumstances, as He was going into Jericho; where no one, at least no wise man, will suppose that the Evangelists wrote things contrary to one another, but that one wrote more fully, what another has left out.
We must therefore understand that one of them was the more important, which appears from this circumstance, that Mark has related his name and the name of his father.
It is for this reason that Mark wished to relate his case alone, because his receiving his sight had gained for the miracle a fame, illustrious in proportion to the extent of the knowledge of his affliction. But although Luke relates a miracle done entirely in the same way, nevertheless we must understand that a similar miracle was wrought on another blind man, and a similar method of the same miracle.
"And when he heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to cry out, and say, Jesus, Thou Son of David, have mercy upon me."
, Vict. Ant. e Cat. in Marc.: The blind man calls the Lord, the Son of David, hearing the way in which the passing multitude praised Him, and feeling sure that the expectation of the prophets was fulfilled. There follows: "And many charged him that he should hold his peace."
these preceding words of Origen are necessary to make up the sense: "Next observe, that on the blind man’s crying out, Thou Son of David, have mercy upon me, it was they who went before that charged him that he should hold his peace." see Luk 18:39 ]): As if he said, Those who were foremost in believing rebuked him when he cried, "Thou Son of David," that he might hold his peace, and cease to call Him by a contemptible name, when he ought to say, Son of God, have pity upon me. He however did not cease; wherefore it goes on: "But he cried the more a great deal, Thou Son of David, have mercy upon me;" and the Lord heard his cry; wherefore there follows: "And Jesus stood still, and commanded him to be called."
But observe, that the blind man, of whom Luke speaks, is inferior to this one; for neither did Jesus call him, nor order him to be called, but He commanded him to be brought to Him, as though unable to come by himself; but this blind man by the command of our Lord is called to Him.
"And they call the blind man, saying unto him, Be of good comfort, rise, He calleth thee;" but he casting away his garment, comes to Him. It goes on: "And he casting away his garment, rose, and came to Jesus."
Perchance, the garment of the blind man means the veil of blindness and poverty, with which he was surrounded, which he cast away and came to Jesus; and the Lord questions him, as he is approaching.
"And Jesus answered and said unto him, What will thou that I should do unto thee."
Could He who was able to restore sight be ignorant of what the blind man wanted? His reason then for asking is that prayer may be made to Him; He puts the question, to stir up the blind man’s heart to pray.
Or He asks, lest men should think that what He granted the man was not what he wanted. For it was His practice to make the good disposition of those who were to be cured known to all men, and then to apply the remedy, in order to stir up others to emulation, and to shew that he who was to be cured was worthy to obtain the grace.
"The blind man said unto Him, Lord, that I may receive my sight."
For the blind man looks down upon every gift except light, because, whatever a blind man may possess, without light he cannot see what he possesses.
But Jesus, considering his ready will, rewards him with the fulfilment of his desire.
Again, it is more worthy to say Rabboni, or, as it is in other places, Master, than to say Son of David; wherefore He given him health, not on his saying, Son of David, but when he said Rabboni.
"And Jesus said unto him, Go thy way; thy faith hath made thee whole. And immediately he received his sight, and followed Him in the way."
The mind of the blind man is grateful, for when he was made whole, he did not leave Jesus, but followed Him.
In a mystical sense, however, Jericho, which means the moon, points out the waning of our fleeting race. The Lord restored sight to the blind man, when drawing near to Jericho, because coming in the flesh and drawing near to His Passion, He brought many to the faith; for it was not in the first years of His Incarnation, but in the few years before He suffered, that He shewed the mystery of the Word to the world.
But the blindness in part, brought upon the Jews [ Rom 11:25 ], will in the end be enlightened when He sends unto them the Prophet Elias.
Now in that on approaching Jericho, He restored sight to one man, and on quitting it to two, He intimated, that before His Passion He preached only to one nation, the Jews, but after His Resurrection and Ascension, through His Apostles He opened the mysteries both of His Divinity and His Humanity to Jews and Gentiles. Mark indeed, in writing that one received his sight, refers to the saving of the Gentiles, that the figure might agree with the salvation of those, whom he instructed in the faith; but Matthew, who wrote his Gospel to the faithful among the Jews, because it was also to reach the knowledge of the Gentiles, fitly says that two received their sight, that He might teach us that the grace of faith belonged to each people.
Therefore, as the Lord was departing with His disciples and a great multitude from Jericho, the blind man was sitting, begging by the way-side; that is, when the Lord ascended into heaven, and many of the faithful followed Him, yea when all the elect from the beginning of the world entered together with Him the gate of heaven (ed. note: This refers to the opinion that by the descent of our Lord into hell, the Patriarchs were freed from the limbus Patrum, where they had been confined, and were carried by Him into a place of happiness; see authorities quoted in Pearson on the Creed, Art. 5), presently the Gentile people began to have hope of its own illumination; for it now sits begging by the wayside, because it has not entered upon and reached the path of truth.
The people of the Jews also, because it kept the Scriptures and did not fulfill them, begs and starves by the wayside; but he cries out, "Son of David, have mercy upon me," because the Jewish people are enlightened by the merits of the Prophets. Many rebuke him that he may hold his peace, that is, sins and devils restrain the cry of the poor; and he cried the more, because when the battle waxes great, hands are to be lifted up with crying to the Rock of help, that is, Jesus of Nazareth.
Again, the people of the Gentiles, having heard of the fame of the name of Christ, sought to be made a partaker of Him, but many spoke against Him, first the Jews, then also the Gentiles, lest the world which was to be enlightened should call upon Christ. The fury of those who attacked Him, however, could not deprive of salvation those who were fore-ordained to life. And He heard the blind man’s cry as He was passing, but stood when He restored his sight, because by His Humanity He pitied him, who by the power of His Divinity has driven away the darkness from our mind; for in that Jesus was born and suffered for our sakes, He as it were passed by, because this action is temporal; but when God is said to stand, it means, that, Himself without change, He sets in order all changeable things. But the Lord calls the blind man, who cries to Him, when He sends the word of faith to the people of the Gentiles by preachers; and they call on the blind man to be of good cheer and to rise, and bid him come to the Lord, when by preaching to the simple, they bid them have hope of salvation, and rise from the sloth of vice, and gird themselves for a life of virtue.
Again, he throws away his garment and leaps, who, throwing aside the bonds of the world, with unencumbered pace hastens to the Giver of eternal light.
Again, the Jewish people comes leaping, stripped of the old man, as a hart leaping on the mountains, that is, laying aside sloth, it meditates on Patriarchs, Prophets, and Apostles on high, and raises itself to heights of holiness. How consistent also is the order of salvation. First we heard by the Prophets, then we cry aloud by faith, next we are called by Apostles, we rise up by penitence, we are stripped of our old garment by baptism, and of our choice we are questioned. Again, the blind man when asked requires, that he may see the will of the Lord.
Therefore let us also imitate him, let us not seek for riches, earthly goods, or honours from the Lord, but for that Light, which we alone with the Angels can see, the way to which is faith; wherefore also Christ answers to the blind man, "Thy faith hath saved thee." But he sees and follows who works what his understanding tells him is good; for he follow Jesus, who understands and executes what is good, who imitates Him, who had no wish to prosper in this world, and bore reproach and derision. And because we have fallen from inward joy, by delight in the things of the body, He shews us what bitter feelings the return thither will cost us.
Further, it says that he followed the Lord in the way, that is, in this life, because, after it, all are excluded who follow Him not here, by working His commandments.
Or, this is the way of which He said, "I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life." This is the narrow way, which leads to the heights of Jerusalem, and Bethany, to the mount of Olives, which is the mount of light and consolation.
Bartimæus is a Syriac word, and signifies, son of Timæus.
Let us endeavour sedulously to imitate the good example of this blind man, who did not ask for honours, riches, or other worldly advantages, but only that he might receive his sight; that he might behold the light with the blessed angels, to which faith alone can conduct us. (Ven. Bede) --- In this worse than Cimmerian darkness, how few are found, who pray as they ought for this all-necessary light of faith!!!
46 And they came to Jericho: and as he went out of Jericho with his disciples and a great number of people, blind Bartimæus, the son of Timæus, sat by the highway side begging. 47 And when he heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to cry out, and say, Jesus, thou Son of David, have mercy on me. 48 And many charged him that he should hold his peace: but he cried the more a great deal, Thou Son of David, have mercy on me. 49 And Jesus stood still, and commanded him to be called. And they call the blind man, saying unto him, Be of good comfort, rise; he calleth thee. 50 And he, casting away his garment, rose, and came to Jesus. 51 And Jesus answered and said unto him, What wilt thou that I should do unto thee? The blind man said unto him, Lord, that I might receive my sight. 52 And Jesus said unto him, Go thy way; thy faith hath made thee whole. And immediately he received his sight, and followed Jesus in the way.
This passage of story agrees with that, Matt. xx. 29 , &c. Only that there were told of two blind men; here, and Luke xviii. 35 , only of one: but if there were two, there was one. This one is named here, being a blind beggar that was much talked of; he was called Bartimeus, that is, the son of Timeus; which, some think, signifies the son of a blind man; he was the blind son of a blind father, which made the case worse, and the cure more wonderful, and the more proper to typify the spiritual cures wrought by the grace of Christ, on those that not only are born blind, but are born of those that are blind.
I. This blind man sat begging; as they do with us. Note, Those who by the providence of God are disabled to get a livelihood by their own labour, and have not any other way of subsisting, are the most proper objects of charity; and particular care ought to be taken of them.
II. He cried out to the Lord Jesus for mercy; Have mercy on me, O Lord, thou Son of David. Misery is the object of mercy, his own miserable case he recommends to the compassion of the Son of David, of whom it was foretold, that, when he should come to save us, the eyes of the blind should be opened, Isa. xxxv. 5 . In coming to Christ for help and healing, we should have an eye to him as the promised Messiah, the Trustee of mercy and grace.
III. Christ encouraged him to hope that he should find mercy; for he stood still, and commanded him to be called. We must never reckon it a hindrance to us in our way, to stand still, when it is to do a good work. Those about him, who had discouraged him at first, perhaps were now the persons that signified to him the gracious call of Christ; " Be of good comfort, rise, he calls thee; and if he calls thee, he will cure thee." Note, The gracious invitations Christ gives us to come to him, are great encouragements to our hope, that we shall speed well if we come to him, and shall have what we come for. Let the guilty, the empty, the tempted, the hungry, the naked, be of good comfort, for he calls them to be pardoned, to be supplied, to be succoured, to be filled, to be clothed, to have all that done for them, which their case calls for.
IV. The poor man, hereupon, made the best of his way to Christ; He cast away his loose upper garment, and came to Jesus ( v. 50 ); he cast away every thing that might be in danger of throwing him down, or might in any way hinder him in coming to Christ, or retard his motion. Those who would come to Jesus, must cast away the garment of their own sufficiency, must strip themselves of all conceit of that, and must free themselves from every weight, and the sin that, like long garments, doth most easily beset them, Heb. xii. 1 .
V. The particular favour he begged, was, that his eyes might be opened; that so he might be able to work for his living, and might be no longer burthensome to others. It is a very desirable thing to be in a capacity of earning our own bread; and where God has given men their limbs and senses, it is a shame for men by their foolishness and slothfulness to make themselves, in effect, blind and lame.
VI. This favour he received; his eyes were opened ( v. 52 ); and two things Mark here adds, which intimate, 1. How Christ made it a double favour to him, by putting the honour of it upon his faith; " Thy faith hath made thee whole; faith in Christ as the Son of David, and in his pity and power; not thy importunity, but thy faith, setting Christ on work, or rather Christ setting thy faith on work." Those supplies are most comfortable, that are fetched in by our faith. 2. How he made it a double favour to himself; When he had received his sight, he followed Jesus by the way. By this he made it appear that he was thoroughly cured, that he no more needed one to lead him, but could go himself; and by this he evidenced the grateful sense he had of Christ's kindness to him, that, when he had his sight, he made this use of it. It is not enough to come to Christ for spiritual healing, but, when we are healed, we must continue to follow him; that we may do honour to him, and receive instruction from him. Those that have spiritual eye-sight, see that beauty in Christ, that will effectually draw them to run after him.
The hymn opens with a small preposition carrying a large claim. By the words of the Lord are his works (v. 15), and Haydock notes that the word is literally "in": the works stand within the word that made them. The verb that begins the verse bears a second sense too, for Haydock gives remember as also "publish", and the publishing turns out to be long. Calmet has the praise of God and of Israel's great men run from here to the end of the book, Haydock to the fiftieth chapter. The close of the passage is stranger than its opening. All things are double, one against another (v. 25), and the Greek of the next line, as Haydock renders it, says that "one thing establishes the good of another" (v. 26).
The commentators read the passage as a contrast between two kinds of knowing. When the sun hath looked upon all things (v. 16), Haydock sends the reader to the eighteenth psalm: the world itself displays God's glory and power. The saints whom God made to declare his works (v. 17) are for Calmet the blessed in heaven, or more probably the Israelites, with a reference to Psalm 147. The signs of the world (v. 19) Haydock takes as the order of the stars, and Calmet adds that God does not study them to discover what will happen, because he is the author of nature, not its observer. Worthington draws the conclusion for us. From the works we can form only some idea of his greatness. The pairs of verse 25 then come from the opposite direction. Haydock places the verse beside Linus and Epimenides, who held that the world subsists by this opposition, and beside Ovid's Hanc Deus et melior litem natura diremit, a strife that God and a better nature brought to an end. Sirach does not call the pairing a strife at all. Calmet calls each thing a counterpoise to its fellow, and Menochius supplies the examples: black colours cause the white to shine forth, and youth is guided by the experience of old age.
Two errors are rebuked here. One reads the world's contraries as mere conflict, a contest with no referee. The other treats whatever the eye cannot place as a defect in the design. Against both the text sets two plain statements: he hath made nothing defective (v. 25), and what we can know is but as a spark (v. 23). Humility about the spark and trust in the whole belong together. The old man's experience steadying the young man's strength is the passage in miniature, two unlike things each making the other good.